{"id":26964,"date":"2017-05-11T15:46:46","date_gmt":"2017-05-11T13:46:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/personal-lubricants\/"},"modified":"2017-10-06T09:48:21","modified_gmt":"2017-10-06T07:48:21","slug":"personal-lubricants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/","title":{"rendered":"Personal lubricants"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-overflow:visible;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><\/p>\n<div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\">\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\">\n<h2>Personal lubricants; for or against conception?<\/h2>\n<p>Personal lubricants are occasionally demanded during intercourse or semen collection in clinical settings. This could be posing a problem for couples looking to conceive, as several lubricants have been reported to decrease sperm functional parameters, especially sperm motility as the most important marker of a successful transport of the spermatozoa through the female reproductive tract.<\/p>\n<p>A preliminary study performed as a bachelor (B.Sc.) project at Aalborg university (Aalborg, Denmark) assess the effect of two commercially available lubricants in the Danish market (Apotekets Glid: water-based, Klick Silk Glid: silicon-based) on the motility characteristics of human sperm maintained in \u201cSperm Preparation medium\u201d (ORIGIO A\/S, Denmark) alone or including 10% of the respective lubricants. Sperm motility characteristics were assessed by the SCA\u00ae (Sperm Class Analyzer, Microptic S.L., Spain) following 0, 0.5, 1, and 3 hours.<\/p>\n<p>The results demonstrated that sperm in culture medium with 10% water-based lubricant, resulted in a significantly lower curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), beat cross frequency (BCF) and lower percentage of fast progressively motile sperm compared to the control group after 3 hours. The percentage of hyperactive sperm in the water-based lubricant was also significantly lower than the silicone-based group after 3 hours.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_26957\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Personal_lubricants.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26957\" class=\"lazyload wp-image-26957\" src=\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Personal_lubricants-1024x595.png\" data-orig-src=\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Personal_lubricants-1024x595.png\" alt=\"Personal_lubricants\" width=\"600\" height=\"349\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%27600%27%20height%3D%27349%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%20600%20349%27%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%27600%27%20height%3D%27349%27%20fill-opacity%3D%220%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Personal_lubricants-200x116.png 200w, https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Personal_lubricants-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Personal_lubricants-400x232.png 400w, https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Personal_lubricants-600x349.png 600w, https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Personal_lubricants-768x446.png 768w, https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Personal_lubricants-800x465.png 800w, https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Personal_lubricants-1024x595.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Personal_lubricants-1200x697.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Personal_lubricants.png 1859w\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-orig-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-26957\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Click image to enlarge<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>This indicated that the silicone-based lubricant (Klick Silk Glide) is less detrimental for sperm quality in terms of motility and kinematic parameters compared to water-based lubricant (Apotekets Glid).<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, it can be suggested that when trying to conceive, both naturally or when collecting semen samples with the use of the lubricant, the silicon based Klick Silk Glide lubricant could have lower adverse effects on the sperm motility parameters compared to the water-based Apotekets Glid lubricant suggesting its safe use in fertility patients as required during\u00a0sperm\u00a0collection.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hiva Alipour (D.V.M, PhD. Stud.)<\/strong><br \/>\nResearch Assistant (Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark)<br \/>\nConsultant, Scientific specialist (Microptic S.L., Spain)<\/p>\n<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18361,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[143],"tags":[617,368,360,411],"class_list":["post-26964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-es","tag-hiva-alipour-es","tag-microptic-es","tag-sca-es","tag-semen-analysis-es"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Personal lubricants - HT CASA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Personal lubricants are occasionally demanded during intercourse or semen collection in clinical settings.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Personal lubricants - HT CASA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Personal lubricants are occasionally demanded during intercourse or semen collection in clinical settings.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"HT CASA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HamiltonThorneInc\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-05-11T13:46:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-10-06T07:48:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/blog_thumbnail.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"52\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"52\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"microptic\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@HamiltonThorne\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@HamiltonThorne\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"microptic\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Article\",\"BlogPosting\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"microptic\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#\/schema\/person\/f44383b138fe27e5c0ed406429b01139\"},\"headline\":\"Personal lubricants\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-05-11T13:46:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-10-06T07:48:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/\"},\"wordCount\":352,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/blog_thumbnail.png\",\"keywords\":[\"hiva alipour\",\"microptic\",\"sca\",\"semen analysis\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/\",\"name\":\"Personal lubricants - HT CASA\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/blog_thumbnail.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-05-11T13:46:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-10-06T07:48:21+00:00\",\"description\":\"Personal lubricants are occasionally demanded during intercourse or semen collection in clinical settings.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/blog_thumbnail.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/blog_thumbnail.png\",\"width\":52,\"height\":52},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Personal lubricants\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/\",\"name\":\"HT CASA\",\"description\":\"Su partner en an\u00e1lisis de semen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"HT CASA\",\"alternateName\":\"HT\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ht_casa_logo_header_retina.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ht_casa_logo_header_retina.png\",\"width\":330,\"height\":180,\"caption\":\"HT CASA\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HamiltonThorneInc\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/HamiltonThorne\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/hamilton-thorne-inc\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/hamiltonthorneinc\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCN1OlgxbXjMQXhIbILplq5A\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#\/schema\/person\/f44383b138fe27e5c0ed406429b01139\",\"name\":\"microptic\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/957f419069555c0465bbf7d5a7a0ce1904c73527940c59d6fed729d454463351?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/957f419069555c0465bbf7d5a7a0ce1904c73527940c59d6fed729d454463351?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"microptic\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/author\/microptic\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Personal lubricants - HT CASA","description":"Personal lubricants are occasionally demanded during intercourse or semen collection in clinical settings.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Personal lubricants - HT CASA","og_description":"Personal lubricants are occasionally demanded during intercourse or semen collection in clinical settings.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/","og_site_name":"HT CASA","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HamiltonThorneInc","article_published_time":"2017-05-11T13:46:46+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-10-06T07:48:21+00:00","og_image":[{"width":52,"height":52,"url":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/blog_thumbnail.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"microptic","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@HamiltonThorne","twitter_site":"@HamiltonThorne","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"microptic","Tiempo de lectura":"2 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Article","BlogPosting"],"@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/"},"author":{"name":"microptic","@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#\/schema\/person\/f44383b138fe27e5c0ed406429b01139"},"headline":"Personal lubricants","datePublished":"2017-05-11T13:46:46+00:00","dateModified":"2017-10-06T07:48:21+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/"},"wordCount":352,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/blog_thumbnail.png","keywords":["hiva alipour","microptic","sca","semen analysis"],"articleSection":["Blog"],"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/","url":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/","name":"Personal lubricants - HT CASA","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/blog_thumbnail.png","datePublished":"2017-05-11T13:46:46+00:00","dateModified":"2017-10-06T07:48:21+00:00","description":"Personal lubricants are occasionally demanded during intercourse or semen collection in clinical settings.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/blog_thumbnail.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/blog_thumbnail.png","width":52,"height":52},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/personal-lubricants\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Personal lubricants"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/","name":"HT CASA","description":"Su partner en an\u00e1lisis de semen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#organization","name":"HT CASA","alternateName":"HT","url":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ht_casa_logo_header_retina.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ht_casa_logo_header_retina.png","width":330,"height":180,"caption":"HT CASA"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HamiltonThorneInc","https:\/\/x.com\/HamiltonThorne","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/hamilton-thorne-inc","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/hamiltonthorneinc","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCN1OlgxbXjMQXhIbILplq5A"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#\/schema\/person\/f44383b138fe27e5c0ed406429b01139","name":"microptic","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/957f419069555c0465bbf7d5a7a0ce1904c73527940c59d6fed729d454463351?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/957f419069555c0465bbf7d5a7a0ce1904c73527940c59d6fed729d454463351?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"microptic"},"url":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/author\/microptic\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26964","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26964"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26964\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.micropticsl.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}